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 **Discussion** **Discussion**
  
-What can we learn from the tactics of the abolitionists? Why was advocating for anti-slavery legislation not sufficient to actually pass the legislation?+What can we learn from the tactics of the abolitionists? Why was advocating for anti-slavery legislation not sufficient to successfully pass the legislation?
 </note> </note>
  
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 > "Perhaps you are weary of child labor pictures. Well, so are the rest of us, but we propose to make you and the whole country so sick and tired of the whole business that when the time for action comes, child labor pictures will be records of the past." > "Perhaps you are weary of child labor pictures. Well, so are the rest of us, but we propose to make you and the whole country so sick and tired of the whole business that when the time for action comes, child labor pictures will be records of the past."
  
-12 years after he started taking these photos the number of child labourers was cut in half (FIXME source?). Continued campaigns against child labour, aided by Hine's photographs, resulted in many states passing stricter laws around child labour ((http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/about.htm)). By 1941, the Fair Labour Standards Act was passed to prohibit the vast majority of child labour((Ibid)). Those are the same laws, in America, that protect children today.+12 years after he started taking these photos the number of child labourers was roughly cut in half ((https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/hine-photos)). Continued campaigns against child labour, aided by Hine's photographs, resulted in many states passing stricter laws around child labour ((http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/about.htm)). By 1941, the Fair Labour Standards Act was passed to prohibit the vast majority of child labour((Ibid)). Those are the same laws, in America, that protect children today.
  
 +<note>
 +**Discussion**
 +
 +Why do you think that Hine and the NCLC did not simply show images of happy, healthy children to convince their culture of the immorality of child labour? Why was it necessary to show unpleasant, often graphic images of actual child labourers?
 +</note>
  
 ==== Civil Rights Movement ==== ==== Civil Rights Movement ====
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 https://www.endthekilling.ca/training/classroom/reform/civilrights  https://www.endthekilling.ca/training/classroom/reform/civilrights 
 FIXME make the different movements collapsible/expandable on the actual website page? FIXME make the different movements collapsible/expandable on the actual website page?
 +
 +Civil rights activists courageously exposed the injustice of racial segregation and made sure that Americans could see its brutality. Whether it was the shocking pictures of Emmett Till or the disturbing images of peaceful civil rights activists being attacked by racist bullies, they strived to effect change.
 +
  
 === Emmett Till === === Emmett Till ===
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   * In 1955, Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African-American from Chicago, was visiting family in Money, Mississippi. While there, he went to a corner store and allegedly said, "Bye, Baby,"((Douglas Brinkley, Rosa Parks (New York: Penguin Group, 2000), 100.)) and whistled at the white woman behind the counter.((Timeline: The Murder of Emmett Till," 1955-2003, PBS online documentary information available from www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/till/timeline/timeline2.html, viewed on February 14, 2007.)) A few days later, relatives of that woman kidnapped Emmett from his uncle's home. They brutally beat him, shot him in the head, and disposed of his body in the Tallahatchie River. They were never convicted of their crime, but later confessed their guilt.((The Murder of Emmett Till," PBS online documentary information available from www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/till/sfeature/sf_look.html, viewed on April 4, 2006.))   * In 1955, Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African-American from Chicago, was visiting family in Money, Mississippi. While there, he went to a corner store and allegedly said, "Bye, Baby,"((Douglas Brinkley, Rosa Parks (New York: Penguin Group, 2000), 100.)) and whistled at the white woman behind the counter.((Timeline: The Murder of Emmett Till," 1955-2003, PBS online documentary information available from www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/till/timeline/timeline2.html, viewed on February 14, 2007.)) A few days later, relatives of that woman kidnapped Emmett from his uncle's home. They brutally beat him, shot him in the head, and disposed of his body in the Tallahatchie River. They were never convicted of their crime, but later confessed their guilt.((The Murder of Emmett Till," PBS online documentary information available from www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/till/sfeature/sf_look.html, viewed on April 4, 2006.))
  
-When Emmett’s body was recovered, it was sent to a funeral home in Chicago. Upon seeing Emmett’s mutilated body, his mother declared that she wanted an open casket at the funeral, saying, "Let the people see what I’ve seen."(("The Murder of Emmett Till," PBS documentary, 2003.))+When Emmett’s body was recovered, it was sent to a funeral home in Chicago. Upon seeing Emmett’s mutilated body, his mother declared that she wanted an open casket at the funeral, saying, **"Let the people see what I’ve seen."**(("The Murder of Emmett Till," PBS documentary, 2003.))
  
 Dr. Clenora Hudson-Weems, Ph.D., wrote a book about this incident entitled, //Emmett Till: The Sacrificial Lamb of the Civil Rights Movement//. In it, she argues that Till’s beating and death was the catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement. Hudson-Weems interviewed civil rights activists who testified that Till’s murder motivated them to fight for the equality of African-Americans.((Clenora Hudson-Weems, "Resurrecting Emmett Till," Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2, November 1998, 179–188.)) Dr. Clenora Hudson-Weems, Ph.D., wrote a book about this incident entitled, //Emmett Till: The Sacrificial Lamb of the Civil Rights Movement//. In it, she argues that Till’s beating and death was the catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement. Hudson-Weems interviewed civil rights activists who testified that Till’s murder motivated them to fight for the equality of African-Americans.((Clenora Hudson-Weems, "Resurrecting Emmett Till," Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2, November 1998, 179–188.))
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 In the month following Till’s murder, five out of six black radio preachers aired sermons about what had happened to the young boy. There was also nationwide television coverage of the trial of the suspected murderers.((Brinkley, 102.)) In the month following Till’s murder, five out of six black radio preachers aired sermons about what had happened to the young boy. There was also nationwide television coverage of the trial of the suspected murderers.((Brinkley, 102.))
  
 +FIXME New York Times: called him the "catalyst" for the CRM https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/obituaries/archives/emmett-till
 +http://time.com/4008545/emmett-till-history/ 
 + 
 What is interesting is that today most people credit Rosa Parks, the African-American woman who refused to surrender her bus seat to a white man, as being the catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement. Hudson-Weems’ research shows otherwise and she provides a compelling quote from Emmett’s second-cousin to provide insight into this situation: What is interesting is that today most people credit Rosa Parks, the African-American woman who refused to surrender her bus seat to a white man, as being the catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement. Hudson-Weems’ research shows otherwise and she provides a compelling quote from Emmett’s second-cousin to provide insight into this situation:
  
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 === Exposing Segregation's Brutality === === Exposing Segregation's Brutality ===
- 
-Civil rights activists courageously exposed the injustice of racial segregation and made sure that Americans could see its brutality. Whether it was the shocking pictures of Till or the disturbing images of peaceful civil rights activists being attacked by racist bullies, they strived to effect change. 
  
 Opening the casket on injustice was a controversial step, but an important one for the Civil Rights Movement. They knew it required leaving the comfort of their churches and confronting the culture at whites-only lunch counters, on segregated buses, and in other public areas. When they did this, they were persecuted brutally: Opening the casket on injustice was a controversial step, but an important one for the Civil Rights Movement. They knew it required leaving the comfort of their churches and confronting the culture at whites-only lunch counters, on segregated buses, and in other public areas. When they did this, they were persecuted brutally:
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 When 900 students marched for freedom in Birmingham, Ala., on May 3, 1963, police attacked with dogs and fire hoses. Dramatic photos... dominated the news. Demonstrations erupted in 186 cities. President John F. Kennedy called for the Civil Rights Act. The nation faced up to injustice ‘because the pictures backed up the words,’ one senator said."((Photos bring our agony into focus," USA Today, May 10, 2004, 5D.)) When 900 students marched for freedom in Birmingham, Ala., on May 3, 1963, police attacked with dogs and fire hoses. Dramatic photos... dominated the news. Demonstrations erupted in 186 cities. President John F. Kennedy called for the Civil Rights Act. The nation faced up to injustice ‘because the pictures backed up the words,’ one senator said."((Photos bring our agony into focus," USA Today, May 10, 2004, 5D.))
  
-These direct-action campaigns were bold and were even criticized by prominent people who opposed segregation. In defending these tactics, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote the following in his Letter from Birmingham Jail:+These direct-action campaigns were bold and were even criticized by prominent people who opposed segregation. In defending these tactics, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote the following in his [[https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html|//Letter from a Birmingham Jail//]]:
  
-> Like a boil that can never be cured so long as it is covered up but must be opened with all its ugliness to the natural medicines of air and light, **injustice must be exposed**, with all the tension its exposure creates, to the light of human conscience and the air of national opinion before it can be cured.(("Letter from Birmingham Jail," 365.))+> Like a boil that can never be cured so long as it is covered up but must be opened with all its ugliness to the natural medicines of air and light, **injustice must be exposed**, with all the tension its exposure creates, to the light of human conscience and the air of national opinion before it can be cured.(("Letter from a Birmingham Jail," 365.))
  
-History, both pre and post the era of the Civil Rights Movement, shows that the exposition of images was a powerful tool to convict people. All of these injustices continued because they remained invisible, so social reformers worked to make the injustices //impossible to ignore//.+History, both pre- and post- the era of the Civil Rights Movement, shows that the exposition of images was a powerful tool to convict people. All of these injustices continued because they remained invisible, so social reformers worked to make the injustices //impossible to ignore//. 
 + 
 +<note> 
 +**Discussion** 
 +Why do you think that Civil Rights activists, such as Martin Luther King Jr., undertook nonviolent direct action, when they knew that doing so would provoke outrage and backlash from their culture? Why did they not choose an activism method that generated more "positive" feedback? 
 +For more information on why they chose direct action, read [[https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html|Dr. King's //Letter from a Birmingham Jail//]]. 
 + </note>
  
 ===== Resistance ===== ===== Resistance =====
  
-  * One of the most common ways for social movements to judge the success of their tactics is to examine how their opponents react to them. If abortion advocates are //not// disturbed by our means of activism, then we are clearly doing something wrong: if we are actually exposing the destruction of thousands of children a year, a standard they fight to uphold, then their antipathy towards our tactics is, in a way, one way to measure our success. As pro-life leader Gregg Cunningham notes, effective reformers are rarely liked and liked reformers are rarely effective. +  * One of the most common ways for social movements to judge the success of their tactics is to **examine how their opponents react to them**. If abortion advocates are //not// disturbed by our means of activism, then we are clearly doing something wrong: if we are actually exposing the destruction of thousands of children a year, a standard they fight to uphold, then their antipathy towards our tactics is, in a way, one way to measure our success. As pro-life leader Gregg Cunningham notes, **effective reformers are rarely liked and liked reformers are rarely effective**. 
-  * Frances Kissling of Catholics for a Free Choice and Kate Michelman, former president of NARAL Pro-Choice America: + 
-    * 2008: "In recent years, the antiabortion movement successfully put the **nitty-gritty details of abortion procedures** on public display, increasing the belief that abortion is serious business and that some societal involvement is appropriate."  In other words, these abortion advocates admit that graphic +==== Frances Kissling and Kate Michelman ==== 
-visuals have drastically contributed to a shift in public opinion on abortion. (( [[http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jan/22/opinion/oe-kissling22|"Abortion's battle of messages"]], //Los Angeles Times// editorial)) + 
-  * Kissling 2012: "**The fetus is more visible than ever before**, and the abortion-rights movement needs to accept its existence and its value. It may not have a right to life, and its value may not be equal to that of the pregnant woman, but ending the life of a fetus is not a morally insignificant event." FIXME source? +  * Two abortion advocates, Frances Kissling (former president of Catholics for a Free Choice) and Kate Michelman (former president of NARAL Pro-Choice America), revealed that the exposure of the abortion procedure in the public square has created an unparalleled problem for those who defend the procedure. In a Los Angeles Times editorial published in 2008 entitled “Abortion’s battle of messages”, Kissling and Michelman detailed the challenges that they believe abortion advocates face in the ongoing debate: 
-  * Joyce Arthur is the executive director of the Abortion Rights Coalition of Canada + 
-    * In a webinar she gave a few years ago which one of our volunteers attended, the volunteer asked in the Q&A portion: “What is the biggest threat to reproductive rights in Canada?” and she responded that it was CCBR and our pro-life activism on campus, especially our GAP displays +> "In recent years, the antiabortion movement successfully put the **nitty-gritty details of abortion procedures** on public display, increasing the belief that abortion is serious business and that some societal involvement is appropriate."(( [[http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jan/22/opinion/oe-kissling22|"Abortion's battle of messages"]], //Los Angeles Times// editorial))  
-  * - volunteer Sarah submitted a question to Joyce at the end of the course, “What is the biggest threat to a woman’s reproductive right in Canada” - Joyce Answer “The Genocide Awareness Project.”   + 
-    * Erynn Brook from the RRJC-- [[https://www.facebook.com/erynn.brook.5/posts/10154790372943485|FB status]]: "There's a lot of people moving through this area on little sleep and little food, and **as a media-literate community we all need to recognize the power of violent images** and how manipulative it is to target students in these conditions." +  * In 2012, Kissling fearfully highlighted the pro-life movement's focus on the pre-born child: "**The fetus is more visible than ever before**, and the abortion-rights movement needs to accept its existence and its value. It may not have a right to life, and its value may not be equal to that of the pregnant woman, but ending the life of a fetus is not a morally insignificant event."((http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/18/AR2011021802434.html)) 
 + 
 +In other words, these abortion advocates admit that graphic visuals have drastically contributed to a shift in public opinion on abortion.  
 + 
 +==== Naomi Wolf ==== 
 + 
 +{{ :utsfl:classroom:seminars:naomi_wolf.jpg?200|}} 
 +Prominent pro-abortion feminist Naomi Wolf also addressed the use of graphic visuals in her article “Our Bodies, Our Souls”, a piece published in the New Republic calling for a change in how abortion advocates make their case. She states: “While images of violent fetal death work magnificently for pro-lifers as a political polemic, the pictures are not polemical in themselves: they are biological facts. We know this.” 
 + 
 +In a shockingly honest statement that many in the pro-life movement should take notice of, she adds later that “How can we charge that it is vile and repulsive for pro-lifers to brandish vile and repulsive images if the images are real? **To insist that the truth is in poor taste is the very height of hypocrisy.**”((http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/politics/2013/01/naomi-wolf-abortion-our-bodies-our-souls)) 
 + 
 +==== Joyce Arthur and ARCC ==== 
 + 
 +  * Joyce Arthur is the executive director of the [[http://www.arcc-cdac.ca/|Abortion Rights Coalition of Canada]], an abortion advocacy group. A quick scroll through ARCC's publications will show that responses to CCBR's projects dominate their website((http://www.arcc-cdac.ca/news.html)).  
 +  * In the spring of 2017, Arthur and other pro-abortion activists lobbied for the federal government to deny Canada Summer Jobs funding to students working for pro-life groups. They named CCBR as one of the principle organizations they opposed: 
 + 
 +> "**Of particular concern to ARCC is the funding of the Canadian Centre for Bio-Ethical Reform** (CCBR), an extremist political organization that is best known for its offensive campaigns against abortion using graphic images of aborted fetuses" ((http://www.arcc-cdac.ca/press/ARCC-CDAC-release-apr-10-17-english.pdf)) 
 +  * In the summer of 2017, as CCBR's activism continued unhindered (despite the loss of funding for our interns), Arthur released an ARCC publication entitled **"Take action against aborted fetus images in public!"** Arthur layed out ARCC's efforts to shut CCBR's activities down. The hysteria with which ARCC treats the exposure of the procedure speaks volumes to the effectiveness of this tactic. 
 +  * http://www.arcc-cdac.ca/action/take-action-against-aborted-fetus-images.pdf 
 + 
 +<note> 
 + 
 +**Discussion** 
 + 
 +Some pro-lifers argue that the use of these images harms the pro-life movement. If that were true, then why wouldn't pro-abortion groups like ARCC simply sit back and let us damage our own cause? Why do they try to cover up the images? </note> 
  
 ===== Results ===== ===== Results =====
-FIXME For individual presentations, best to tell personal stories; what to include for the website?  +FIXME **what to include for the website**? What is JVM including in book? 
-  * Testimonies: + 
 +==== Hearts and Minds Changed ==== 
 + 
 +When we engage in our projects, we consistently see people change their minds on abortion--right in front of us. We have countless testimonies from our staff, interns, and volunteers, and you can view more of these stories in our [[https://www.endthekilling.ca/newsletters|newsletters]], on our [[https://www.endthekilling.ca/blog|blog]], and on our social media accounts. 
 + 
 + 
 +Some people do not change their minds immediately, but because the pictures leave a lasting impression, they eventually come to the conclusion that abortion should be unthinkable. Julie shares about how seeing a CCBR display influenced and changed her life. 
 + 
 +{{youtube>JEtLrMp6EVc?medium}} 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 +==== Statistically-Proven Effectiveness ==== 
 + 
 +FIXME  
 + 
 +"[T]he Canadian Centre for Bio-Ethical Reform (CCBR) commissioned several sets of a scientific survey to gauge public opinion on abortion before and after their extensive campaigns in 2015. CCBR delivered postcards with these images to thousands, and commissioned an independent party to survey 1,741 respondents, a sample size sufficient to gauge public opinion within a five-point margin, with 99% certainty that results are generalizable to the entire population of Canada, which is 35,749,600." (Study) 
 + 
 +==== Saved Lives ==== 
 + 
     * Baby Ava?     * Baby Ava?
-    * Baby Noah?+    * Baby Noah? (More than 1...)
     * Other stories? So many to choose from...     * Other stories? So many to choose from...
   * Statistical effectiveness   * Statistical effectiveness
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     * http://www.createdequal.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/AVP_StatisticalAnalysis.pdf     * http://www.createdequal.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/AVP_StatisticalAnalysis.pdf
  
-"[T]he Canadian Centre for Bio-Ethical Reform (CCBR) commissioned several sets of a scientific survey to gauge public opinion on abortion before and after their extensive campaigns in 2015. CCBR delivered postcards with these images to thousands, and commissioned an independent party to survey 1,741 respondents, a sample size sufficient to gauge public opinion within a five-point margin, with 99% certainty that results are generalizable to the entire population of Canada, which is 35,749,600." (Study)+<note> 
 +Joanna Krawczynski's testimony[[https://bccatholic.ca/content/student-activists-flip-campus-culture-right-side-up]]
  
 +"Almost three years ago, I participated in the Genocide Awareness Project. It is designed to expose the inhumanity of abortion through dialogue and displays of images of abortion victims.
 +
 +On one of our last days of GAP at Florida International University, I met a young woman named Juri. She shared that, two years previous, she and a friend came by the display, literally kicking and screaming. Juri’s eyes fell as she told me how she and her friend talked about how much they hated the team of pro-life students.
 +
 +A few months later, Juri’s friend became pregnant. She was in a bad place, in a relationship with an abusive boyfriend. But her story – and her baby’s story – do not end there.
 +
 +Little Roman is now probably in preschool and preparing to enter kindergarten. His mom, Juri’s friend, chose to give him life. Roman returned the favour, as the young woman found the courage to leave the abusive relationship after he was born. He is the light of their lives.
 +
 +**Juri couldn’t remember why, but for some reason she kept the pro-life pamphlet she angrily snatched at the display. Taking another look changed her life, seeing what abortion would have done to little Roman.**
 +
 +I share this story because the message Juri shared with me is not just for me to hear.
 +
 +She said: 'I have no idea who those pro-life people were, those people we yelled at years ago. It hurts to think I’ll never be able to thank them in person. Can you tell them? Tell them: thank you for saving my nephew. Thank you for saving my Roman. Maybe, somehow, those pro-life people we yelled at will hear this message and be encouraged to keep up the good work they are doing.'" </note>
  
  
-<note> "You’re a smart guy with great arguments, but **nothing you said to me compares to the power of that image you showed me**. I can’t forget that. I think if you want to draw awareness to the reality of abortion, you should be doing more of that. If people see this, they won’t be so quick to abort their children." - Western University student, to Gerrit Van Dorland, [[https://www.endthekilling.ca/blog/2016/02/29/unity-our-best-shot-fortification|after seeing a "Choice" card]] 
-</note> 
  
-The stories, stats,and saved lives make it crystal clear: we must continue our efforts to show the truth. For once Canadians see what is chosen, they increasingly reject the abortion “choice.” +The stories, stats,and saved lives make it crystal clear: we must continue our efforts to show the truth. For once Canadians see what is chosen, they increasingly reject the abortion “choice.” The abortion advocates want the cover-up to continue. The pro-life movement must not aid the abortion industry in this death-sustaining cover-up.
  
  
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 ===== Other Links ===== ===== Other Links =====
 +  * [[https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=227189794727072|A Picture Is Worth A Thousand Words: Images That Changed The World]] - 7-min pro-life video on history of images in social reform 
   * http://www.unmaskingchoice.ca/training/classroom/pictures   * http://www.unmaskingchoice.ca/training/classroom/pictures
   * http://www.unmaskingchoice.ca/training/classroom/pictures/abortion   * http://www.unmaskingchoice.ca/training/classroom/pictures/abortion
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     * http://www.unmaskingchoice.ca/blog/2013/10/23/counting-corpses-look-inside-world-abortion-pathology     * http://www.unmaskingchoice.ca/blog/2013/10/23/counting-corpses-look-inside-world-abortion-pathology
   * FIXME add video from SLL conference of all the Choice Chain testimonies--would be great to show in the "fruits of our work" section   * FIXME add video from SLL conference of all the Choice Chain testimonies--would be great to show in the "fruits of our work" section
 +  * FIXME http://time.com/5527944/napalm-girl-dresden-peace-price-james-nachtwey/
 +  * FIXME  https://youtu.be/KZH5RKvMbJo cognitive dissonance – baby when wanted, fetus when unwanted