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utsfl:classroom:seminars:pbs120y [2017/07/11 13:49] – mmccann | utsfl:classroom:seminars:pbs120y [2023/06/23 15:39] (current) – [Other Links] mmccann | ||
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* press " | * press " | ||
< | < | ||
- | -Gregg Cunningham, pro-life leader | + | - Gregg Cunningham, pro-life leader |
</ | </ | ||
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{{ : | {{ : | ||
- | Public ignorance and indifference began to change thanks to work of abolitionist **Josiah Wedgewood**.Wedgwood mass-produced medallions depicting the seal for the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade and had them widely distributed. The medallion made a simple plea for the humanity and rights of slaves: "Am I not a Man and a Brother?" | + | Public ignorance and indifference began to change thanks to work of abolitionist **Josiah Wedgewood**. Wedgwood mass-produced medallions depicting the seal for the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade and had them widely distributed. The medallion made a simple plea for the humanity and rights of slaves: "Am I not a Man and a Brother?" |
It quickly saturated society and became the most famous image of a black person in all of 18th-century art. Clarkson wrote, " | It quickly saturated society and became the most famous image of a black person in all of 18th-century art. Clarkson wrote, " | ||
- | But simply showing the humanity of slaves wasn’t enough—some people argued that their lives as slaves were actually better than their lives in Africa, and would be even worse if they were freed. The abolitionists also had to show the //inhumane nature// of slavery. | + | But simply showing the //humanity// of slaves wasn’t enough—some people argued that their lives as slaves were actually better than their lives in Africa, and would be even worse if they were freed. The abolitionists also had to show the //inhumane nature// of slavery. |
=== The Slave Ship Brookes === | === The Slave Ship Brookes === | ||
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> "[The diagram] gave measurements in feet and inches while showing the slaves closely lined up in rows, lying flat, bodies touching one another or the ship’s hull... The diagram began appearing in newspapers, magazines, books, and pamphlets; realizing what a powerful new weapon it had, the [abolitionist] committee also promptly printed up more than seven thousand copies as posters, which were hung on the walls of homes and pubs throughout the country." | > "[The diagram] gave measurements in feet and inches while showing the slaves closely lined up in rows, lying flat, bodies touching one another or the ship’s hull... The diagram began appearing in newspapers, magazines, books, and pamphlets; realizing what a powerful new weapon it had, the [abolitionist] committee also promptly printed up more than seven thousand copies as posters, which were hung on the walls of homes and pubs throughout the country." | ||
- | * Abolitionists afraid to show this pic to elderly supporters, | + | * This picture looks tame by today' |
- | * FIXME source?? | + | * FIXME sources?? |
- | In the face of hundreds of years of slavery, after the abolitionists started exposing the reality of slavery, it took only 20 years to abolish the slave trade in the British empire. Nations around the world soon followed suit. | + | In the face of hundreds of years of slavery, after the abolitionists started exposing the reality of slavery, it took only 20 years to abolish the slave trade in the British empire. Within their lifetimes, Wilberforce and Clarkson saw the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, and the abolition of slavery itself in the empire in the 1830s. Nations around the world soon followed suit. |
* FIXME stuff about Wilberforce introducing legislation--then changing strategies. Need sources on this* | * FIXME stuff about Wilberforce introducing legislation--then changing strategies. Need sources on this* | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Discussion** | ||
+ | |||
+ | What can we learn from the tactics of the abolitionists? | ||
+ | </ | ||
==== Anti-Child Labour Movement ==== | ==== Anti-Child Labour Movement ==== | ||
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Child labour increased in the US during the Industrial Revolution. As society moved from primarily agrarian to industrial, children were a cheap source of labour for factories, mines, and other places. They were being forced to do hard labour often from 6am to midnight, working on starvation wages, losing any chance of childhood and education; many also lost limbs, and sometimes lives, while they worked. | Child labour increased in the US during the Industrial Revolution. As society moved from primarily agrarian to industrial, children were a cheap source of labour for factories, mines, and other places. They were being forced to do hard labour often from 6am to midnight, working on starvation wages, losing any chance of childhood and education; many also lost limbs, and sometimes lives, while they worked. | ||
- | > "Child labor in this country was so widespread, and so much a part of economic reality in the early part of the 19th century, that no one looked toward or expected its abolition" | + | > "Child labor in this country was **so widespread**, and so much a part of economic reality in the early part of the 19th century, that **no one looked toward or expected its abolition**" - Report on the Youth Labor Force, Bureau of Labor Statistics [2000] ((http:// |
The National Child Labour Committee worked to stop the exploitation of children through labour. They recognized that public policy around child labour would not change until public opinion changed. In fact, one of their leaders, the outspoken activist Florence Kelley, wrote the following concerning legislation around child labour: "**Our first task is to give wide publicity to the disease-breeding conditions** of the tenements, thus leading the legislature to make a fresh attempt at outright prohibition...Until that is done, all attempts at regulation of manufacture are illusory; they simply lull the public conscience vainly and cruelly, when it ought to be alert and militant." | The National Child Labour Committee worked to stop the exploitation of children through labour. They recognized that public policy around child labour would not change until public opinion changed. In fact, one of their leaders, the outspoken activist Florence Kelley, wrote the following concerning legislation around child labour: "**Our first task is to give wide publicity to the disease-breeding conditions** of the tenements, thus leading the legislature to make a fresh attempt at outright prohibition...Until that is done, all attempts at regulation of manufacture are illusory; they simply lull the public conscience vainly and cruelly, when it ought to be alert and militant." | ||
- | In 1908, an American photographer, | + | {{: |
* "To gain access to factories, mines, sweatshops, and mills, and to use his camera freely, Hine often had to disguise his real purpose...he [posed] as a fire inspector, or an insurance salesman, or an industrial photographer who was after pictures of buildings and factory machinery" | * "To gain access to factories, mines, sweatshops, and mills, and to use his camera freely, Hine often had to disguise his real purpose...he [posed] as a fire inspector, or an insurance salesman, or an industrial photographer who was after pictures of buildings and factory machinery" | ||
* Hine's poignant pictures showed the public the reality of what labour in factories, mines, and fields did to young children. | * Hine's poignant pictures showed the public the reality of what labour in factories, mines, and fields did to young children. | ||
- | * Hine and the NCLC worked to saturate the country with images of the injustice. The NCLC distributed pamphlets and flyers containing the images, alongside arguments against child labour; newspapers and magazines published them; and large displays were set up in public places, such as at fairs and expositions. | + | * Hine and the NCLC worked to **saturate the country** with images of the injustice. The NCLC distributed pamphlets and flyers containing the images, alongside arguments against child labour; newspapers and magazines published them; and large displays were set up in public places, such as at fairs and expositions. |
* "These photos traveled the nation on exhibit panels, poster-sized display boards that the reformers brought to their own conferences, | * "These photos traveled the nation on exhibit panels, poster-sized display boards that the reformers brought to their own conferences, | ||
< | < | ||
- | * His life was threatened several times because of what he was doing, and when people complained, he said: | + | * His life was threatened several times because of what he was doing(FIXME source?), and when people complained, he said: |
> " | > " | ||
- | 12 years after he started taking these photos the number of child labourers was cut in half (FIXME source?). Continued campaigns against child labour, aided by Hine's photographs, | + | 12 years after he started taking these photos the number of child labourers was roughly |
+ | < | ||
+ | **Discussion** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Why do you think that Hine and the NCLC did not simply show images of happy, healthy children to convince their culture of the immorality of child labour? Why was it necessary to show unpleasant, often graphic images of actual child labourers? | ||
+ | </ | ||
==== Civil Rights Movement ==== | ==== Civil Rights Movement ==== | ||
{{youtube> | {{youtube> | ||
- | FIXME move this to [[PBS220Y]]? | ||
https:// | https:// | ||
FIXME make the different movements collapsible/ | FIXME make the different movements collapsible/ | ||
- | ==== Syrian Refugee Crisis ==== | + | Civil rights activists courageously exposed the injustice of racial segregation and made sure that Americans could see its brutality. Whether it was the shocking pictures of Emmett Till or the disturbing images of peaceful civil rights activists being attacked by racist bullies, they strived to effect change. |
- | The war in Syria, and its resulting refugee crisis, has been going on since March 2011. By 2015, around 220,000 people had been killed and around 6.6 million people had been displaced. | ||
- | * countries knew it was happening but no one doing anything; majority of the public didn’t know/care | ||
- | * wasn't until Sept. 2015 when a Syrian boy by the name of Alan Kurdi, 3 yrs old, washed ashore on the Mediterranean sea, when consciousness awakened to the fact that something had to be done | ||
- | > "There was nothing left to do for him. There was nothing left to bring him back to life. I thought, This is the only way I can express the scream of his silent body." - Nilüfer Demir, photographer | + | === Emmett Till === |
- | * The pressure on governments to address the refugee crisis skyrocketed. The refugee crisis became | + | {{: |
+ | * In 1955, Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African-American from Chicago, was visiting | ||
- | "[The] image whipped around social media within hours, accumulating potency with every share. News organizations were compelled to publish | + | When Emmett’s body was recovered, it was sent to a funeral home in Chicago. Upon seeing Emmett’s mutilated body, his mother declared that she wanted an open casket at the funeral, saying, |
- | * all of these cont. b/c hidden | + | Dr. Clenora Hudson-Weems, |
+ | |||
+ | In the month following Till’s murder, five out of six black radio preachers aired sermons about what had happened | ||
+ | |||
+ | FIXME New York Times: called him the " | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | What is interesting is that today most people credit Rosa Parks, the African-American woman who refused | ||
+ | |||
+ | > Historians will talk about the good and the bad, but they don’t want to deal with the ugly... The ugliness of racism is not a White man’s telling a Black woman to give him her bus seat—bad as that is—but the confident home-invasion, | ||
+ | |||
+ | In 2005, Rosa Parks died. At her funeral, Reverend Jesse Jackson said that he had asked Parks why she didn’t give her bus seat to the white man in 1955 and quoted Parks as having said, "I thought about Emmett Till, and I couldn’t go back." | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Exposing Segregation' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Opening the casket on injustice was a controversial step, but an important one for the Civil Rights Movement. They knew it required leaving the comfort of their churches and confronting the culture at whites-only lunch counters, on segregated buses, and in other public areas. When they did this, they were persecuted brutally: | ||
+ | |||
+ | "Look back to the civil-rights-era images: Fire hoses. Lunging dogs. Citizens hammered for the audacity of attempting to vote, to ride a bus or sit at a lunch counter. | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | ‘People talked about justice for years and years, but suddenly you could see a graphic illustration of injustice, | ||
+ | |||
+ | When 900 students marched for freedom in Birmingham, Ala., on May 3, 1963, police attacked with dogs and fire hoses. Dramatic photos... dominated the news. Demonstrations erupted in 186 cities. President John F. Kennedy called for the Civil Rights Act. The nation faced up to injustice ‘because the pictures backed up the words,’ one senator said." | ||
+ | |||
+ | These direct-action campaigns were bold and were even criticized by prominent people who opposed segregation. In defending these tactics, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote the following in his [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | > Like a boil that can never be cured so long as it is covered up but must be opened with all its ugliness to the natural medicines of air and light, **injustice must be exposed**, with all the tension its exposure creates, to the light of human conscience and the air of national opinion before it can be cured.((" | ||
+ | |||
+ | History, both pre- and post- the era of the Civil Rights Movement, shows that the exposition of images was a powerful tool to convict people. All of these injustices continued because they remained invisible, so social reformers worked to make the injustices // | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | **Discussion** | ||
+ | Why do you think that Civil Rights activists, such as Martin Luther King Jr., undertook nonviolent direct action, when they knew that doing so would provoke outrage and backlash from their culture? Why did they not choose an activism method that generated more " | ||
+ | For more information on why they chose direct action, read [[https:// | ||
+ | </ | ||
===== Resistance ===== | ===== Resistance ===== | ||
- | * We’re also encouraged by the **response we have gotten from people who support and promote abortion,** who make their livelihoods from the lives of children | + | * One of the most common ways for social movements to judge the success of their tactics is to **examine how their opponents react to them**. If abortion advocates are //not// disturbed by our means of activism, then we are clearly doing something wrong: if we are actually exposing |
- | * Frances Kissling of Catholics for a Free Choice and Kate Michelman, former president of NARAL Pro-Choice America: | + | |
- | * 2008: "In recent years the anti-abortion | + | ==== Frances Kissling and Kate Michelman ==== |
- | * Kissling | + | |
- | * Joyce Arthur is the executive director of the Abortion Rights Coalition of Canada | + | * Two abortion advocates, |
- | | + | |
- | * - volunteer Sarah submitted a question to Joyce at the end of the course, “What is the biggest threat | + | > "In recent years, the antiabortion |
- | * Erynn Brook from the RRJC-- [[https://www.facebook.com/ | + | |
+ | * In 2012, Kissling fearfully highlighted the pro-life movement' | ||
+ | |||
+ | In other words, these abortion advocates admit that graphic visuals have drastically contributed to a shift in public opinion on abortion. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Naomi Wolf ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | Prominent pro-abortion feminist Naomi Wolf also addressed the use of graphic visuals in her article “Our Bodies, Our Souls”, a piece published | ||
+ | |||
+ | In a shockingly honest statement that many in the pro-life movement should take notice of, she adds later that “How can we charge | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Joyce Arthur and ARCC ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Joyce Arthur is the executive director | ||
+ | * In the spring of 2017, Arthur and other pro-abortion activists lobbied for the federal government to deny Canada Summer Jobs funding to students working for pro-life groups. They named CCBR as one of the principle organizations they opposed: | ||
+ | |||
+ | > "**Of particular concern to ARCC is the funding of the Canadian Centre for Bio-Ethical Reform** (CCBR), an extremist political organization that is best known for its offensive campaigns against abortion using graphic images of aborted fetuses" | ||
+ | * In the summer of 2017, as CCBR' | ||
+ | * http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Discussion** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Some pro-lifers argue that the use of these images harms the pro-life movement. If that were true, then why wouldn' | ||
===== Results ===== | ===== Results ===== | ||
- | FIXME For individual presentations, | + | FIXME **what to include for the website**? What is JVM including in book? |
- | * Testimonies: | + | |
+ | ==== Hearts and Minds Changed ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | When we engage in our projects, we consistently see people change their minds on abortion--right in front of us. We have countless testimonies from our staff, interns, and volunteers, and you can view more of these stories in our [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Some people do not change their minds immediately, | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{youtube> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Statistically-Proven Effectiveness ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | FIXME | ||
+ | |||
+ | "[T]he Canadian Centre for Bio-Ethical Reform (CCBR) commissioned several sets of a scientific survey to gauge public opinion on abortion before and after their extensive campaigns in 2015. CCBR delivered postcards with these images to thousands, and commissioned an independent party to survey 1,741 respondents, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Saved Lives ==== | ||
+ | |||
* Baby Ava? | * Baby Ava? | ||
- | * Baby Noah? | + | * Baby Noah? (More than 1...) |
* Other stories? So many to choose from... | * Other stories? So many to choose from... | ||
* Statistical effectiveness | * Statistical effectiveness | ||
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* http:// | * http:// | ||
- | "[T]he Canadian Centre for Bio-Ethical Reform (CCBR) commissioned several sets of a scientific survey to gauge public opinion on abortion before and after their extensive campaigns in 2015. CCBR delivered postcards with these images to thousands, and commissioned an independent party to survey 1,741 respondents, | + | < |
+ | Joanna Krawczynski' | ||
+ | " | ||
+ | |||
+ | On one of our last days of GAP at Florida International University, I met a young woman named Juri. She shared that, two years previous, she and a friend came by the display, literally kicking and screaming. Juri’s eyes fell as she told me how she and her friend talked about how much they hated the team of pro-life students. | ||
+ | |||
+ | A few months later, Juri’s friend became pregnant. She was in a bad place, in a relationship with an abusive boyfriend. But her story – and her baby’s story – do not end there. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Little Roman is now probably in preschool and preparing to enter kindergarten. His mom, Juri’s friend, chose to give him life. Roman returned the favour, as the young woman found the courage to leave the abusive relationship after he was born. He is the light of their lives. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Juri couldn’t remember why, but for some reason she kept the pro-life pamphlet she angrily snatched at the display. Taking another look changed her life, seeing what abortion would have done to little Roman.** | ||
+ | |||
+ | I share this story because the message Juri shared with me is not just for me to hear. | ||
+ | |||
+ | She said: 'I have no idea who those pro-life people were, those people we yelled at years ago. It hurts to think I’ll never be able to thank them in person. Can you tell them? Tell them: thank you for saving my nephew. Thank you for saving my Roman. Maybe, somehow, those pro-life people we yelled at will hear this message and be encouraged to keep up the good work they are doing.'" | ||
- | < | ||
- | </ | ||
- | The stories, stats,and saved lives make it crystal clear: we must continue our efforts to show the truth. For once Canadians see what is chosen, they increasingly reject the abortion “choice.” | + | The stories, stats,and saved lives make it crystal clear: we must continue our efforts to show the truth. For once Canadians see what is chosen, they increasingly reject the abortion “choice.” |
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===== Other Links ===== | ===== Other Links ===== | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
* http:// | * http:// | ||
* http:// | * http:// | ||
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* http:// | * http:// | ||
* FIXME add video from SLL conference of all the Choice Chain testimonies--would be great to show in the " | * FIXME add video from SLL conference of all the Choice Chain testimonies--would be great to show in the " | ||
+ | * FIXME http:// | ||
+ | * FIXME https:// |