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utsfl:classroom:seminars:pba201h [2017/08/01 09:57] – mmccannutsfl:classroom:seminars:pba201h [2023/12/01 09:10] (current) – [Primitive Streak & Twinning] mmccann
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 ====== PBA201H: The Biology of Prenatal Human Development ====== ====== PBA201H: The Biology of Prenatal Human Development ======
 +
 +Video (15min cut of EHD documentary):
 +http://media.trtl.ca/tablet/ehd_med.m4v
 +
 +OR [[https://www.ehd.org/your-life-before-birth-video/|Your Life Before Birth]]
  
 <note> "Fewer women would have abortions if wombs had windows." - Former Abortionist Bernard Nathanson </note> <note> "Fewer women would have abortions if wombs had windows." - Former Abortionist Bernard Nathanson </note>
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 ==== Fertilization ==== ==== Fertilization ====
   * As we learned in [[PBA100Y]], a new human being comes into existence at [[wp>Fertilization]].   * As we learned in [[PBA100Y]], a new human being comes into existence at [[wp>Fertilization]].
 +    * FIXME http://bdfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Condic-Sources-Embryology.pdf
  
 > "This brand new embryo contains the original copy of a **new individual’s complete genetic code**. Gender, eye color, and other traits are determined at conception, also known as fertilization."((http://www.ehd.org/prenatal-summary.php)) > "This brand new embryo contains the original copy of a **new individual’s complete genetic code**. Gender, eye color, and other traits are determined at conception, also known as fertilization."((http://www.ehd.org/prenatal-summary.php))
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       - The genetic code of the zygote is unique--distinct from those of the mother and father. For instance, a pregnant woman could be pregnant with a male child.         - The genetic code of the zygote is unique--distinct from those of the mother and father. For instance, a pregnant woman could be pregnant with a male child.  
     - Whole:      - Whole: 
-      * Some may ask what makes a single-celled zygote different from a single cell of, say, human skin. Both are living, human, diploid cells. However, one is a human //whole// while the other is a human //part//. Give each cell time, nutrition, and safety, then wait 9 months or 15 years...which one continues developing into a toddler, or a teenager? A skin cell will always remain a skin cell, while a zygote will continue human development into an embryo, fetus, newborn, toddler, etc.+      * Some may ask what makes a single-celled zygote different from a single cell of, say, human skin. Both are living, human, diploid cells. However, one is a human //whole// while the other is a human //part//. Give each cell time, nutrition, and safety, then wait 9 months or 15 years...which one continues developing into a toddler, or a teenager? A skin cell will always remain a skin cell, while a zygote will continue human development into an embryo, fetus, newborn, toddler, etc.  
 +      * //Nothing is added// to the embryo from the time of fertilization except adequate nutrition and a proper environment, which is what we need now. Since nothing essential has been added, and you’re a whole organism now, then you must have been that same whole organism at fertilization. 
     - Living:      - Living: 
       - If something is growing, isn't it alive?       - If something is growing, isn't it alive?
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 ==== Developmental Timeline ==== ==== Developmental Timeline ====
-  * FIXME have Oriyana or other staffer look over this for accuracy+  * FIXME have Oriyana or other staffer look over this for accuracy, or check against this / pull significant points from **EHD Prenatal Summary** http://www.ehd.org/prenatal-summary.php
   * The first eight weeks of a pre-born child's life are referred to as the **embryonic period**, and the child may be called an embryo during this time. The period from nine weeks until birth is referred to as the **fetal period**, and the child may be called a fetus during this time.   * The first eight weeks of a pre-born child's life are referred to as the **embryonic period**, and the child may be called an embryo during this time. The period from nine weeks until birth is referred to as the **fetal period**, and the child may be called a fetus during this time.
   * The embryonic period is a time of rapid growth and development for the child:   * The embryonic period is a time of rapid growth and development for the child:
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   * Take the case of the flatworm.(("Flatworm," New World Encyclopedia, viewed online at http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Flatworm on May 8, 2010.)) If a flatworm is cut in half, each half will regenerate into two separate, fully-functioning flatworms. But prior to this separation a flatworm nonetheless existed.    * Take the case of the flatworm.(("Flatworm," New World Encyclopedia, viewed online at http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Flatworm on May 8, 2010.)) If a flatworm is cut in half, each half will regenerate into two separate, fully-functioning flatworms. But prior to this separation a flatworm nonetheless existed. 
   * Likewise, even though in rare situations one human splits into two, one human existed before that split happened, and the beginning of that one human was still at fertilization.   * Likewise, even though in rare situations one human splits into two, one human existed before that split happened, and the beginning of that one human was still at fertilization.
 +
 +ERI Video on this: https://www.instagram.com/reel/C0Rw2iorBaA/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link 
  
 ==== Heartbeat ==== ==== Heartbeat ====
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   * May we kill her because of her inability to feel pain? Why then may we kill the pre-born because they don't feel pain at certain points during pregnancy?    * May we kill her because of her inability to feel pain? Why then may we kill the pre-born because they don't feel pain at certain points during pregnancy? 
   * To make the point even more simply: would it be permissible to kill a 3-year-old boy as long as we give him anaesthetic first?   * To make the point even more simply: would it be permissible to kill a 3-year-old boy as long as we give him anaesthetic first?
 +
 +FIXME Giving analgesics for fetal surgeries seems to be commonplace, and not just to prevent the baby from moving:
 +[[https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/04/health/brain-surgery-in-utero/index.html|CNN: Doctors performed brain surgery on a baby before she was born and now she’s thriving]]
 +"Doctors had to make sure the fetus was facing the right position, with its head facing the mother’s abdominal wall. Dr. Louise Wilkins-Haug, division director of Maternal Fetal Medicine and Reproductive Genetics at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, partnered with Orbach to make sure that the fetus was not only in the right position for the procedure, but stayed there. Wilkins-Haug explained they used a technique borrowed from previous in utero cardiac surgeries. Once the fetus is in the optimal position, it 'gets a small injection of medication so that it’s not moving **and it is also getting a small injection of medication for pain relief,'** Wilkins-Haug said." 
  
 ==== Viability ==== ==== Viability ====
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   * Furthermore, the age of viability is becoming earlier and earlier because of advancements in medical care for premature babies. For instance, only a few decades ago in the 1970s, a 25-week-old child [[http://today.uchc.edu/headlines/2013/small_survivors.html|would not be viable]] outside the womb, but a child of that age could survive outside the womb today. Would a 25-week-old fetus in the 1970s therefore not be a human being with human rights?   * Furthermore, the age of viability is becoming earlier and earlier because of advancements in medical care for premature babies. For instance, only a few decades ago in the 1970s, a 25-week-old child [[http://today.uchc.edu/headlines/2013/small_survivors.html|would not be viable]] outside the womb, but a child of that age could survive outside the womb today. Would a 25-week-old fetus in the 1970s therefore not be a human being with human rights?
   * Lastly, a pre-born child is always viable if in the right //environment//. We would not expect an adult human to survive unprotected on another planet, because that is not a safe environment for that human. Similarly, a pre-born child will survive and grow if she is in the proper environment for someone her age--the womb.   * Lastly, a pre-born child is always viable if in the right //environment//. We would not expect an adult human to survive unprotected on another planet, because that is not a safe environment for that human. Similarly, a pre-born child will survive and grow if she is in the proper environment for someone her age--the womb.
 +  * FIXME confusing viability and vitality, the difference between being able to survive and being alive
  
 ===== Common Objections ===== ===== Common Objections =====
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 ===== Other Links ===== ===== Other Links =====
  
- +  * Maybe introduce fetal origins (Annie Murphy Paul): [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stngBN4hp14|TED Talk]] (but see also [[PBA401H]]) 
-* Maybe introduce fetal origins (Annie Murphy Paul): [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stngBN4hp14|TED Talk]] (but see also [[PBA401H]])+  * https://www.flickr.com/photos/lunarcaustic/sets/72157617368698808 
 +  * https://www.lifenews.com/2013/05/23/expert-tells-congress-unborn-babies-can-feel-pain-starting-at-8-weeks/