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utsfl:classroom:seminars:pba201h [2017/07/24 14:16] – mmccann | utsfl:classroom:seminars:pba201h [2023/12/01 09:10] (current) – [Primitive Streak & Twinning] mmccann | ||
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====== PBA201H: The Biology of Prenatal Human Development ====== | ====== PBA201H: The Biology of Prenatal Human Development ====== | ||
- | < | + | Video (15min cut of EHD documentary): |
+ | http:// | ||
- | ===== Prenatal Development: Timeline + Terminology ===== | + | OR [[https:// |
- | * Timeline (FIXME visual) | + | <note> "Fewer women would have abortions if wombs had windows." |
- | * [[wp>zygote]] | + | |
- | * [[wp>blastocyst]] | + | |
- | * [[wp> | + | |
- | * [[wp> | + | |
===== When does human life begin? ===== | ===== When does human life begin? ===== | ||
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==== Fertilization ==== | ==== Fertilization ==== | ||
* As we learned in [[PBA100Y]], | * As we learned in [[PBA100Y]], | ||
+ | * FIXME http:// | ||
> "This brand new embryo contains the original copy of a **new individual’s complete genetic code**. Gender, eye color, and other traits are determined at conception, also known as fertilization." | > "This brand new embryo contains the original copy of a **new individual’s complete genetic code**. Gender, eye color, and other traits are determined at conception, also known as fertilization." | ||
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- The genetic code of the zygote is unique--distinct from those of the mother and father. For instance, a pregnant woman could be pregnant with a male child. | - The genetic code of the zygote is unique--distinct from those of the mother and father. For instance, a pregnant woman could be pregnant with a male child. | ||
- Whole: | - Whole: | ||
- | * Some may ask what makes a single-celled zygote different from a single cell of, say, human skin. Both are living, human, diploid cells. However, one is a human //whole// while the other is a human //part//. Give each cell time, nutrition, and safety, then wait 9 months or 15 years...which one continues developing into a toddler, or a teenager? A skin cell will always remain a skin cell, while a zygote will continue human development into an embryo, fetus, newborn, toddler, etc. | + | * Some may ask what makes a single-celled zygote different from a single cell of, say, human skin. Both are living, human, diploid cells. However, one is a human //whole// while the other is a human //part//. Give each cell time, nutrition, and safety, then wait 9 months or 15 years...which one continues developing into a toddler, or a teenager? A skin cell will always remain a skin cell, while a zygote will continue human development into an embryo, fetus, newborn, toddler, etc. |
+ | * //Nothing is added// to the embryo from the time of fertilization except adequate nutrition and a proper environment, | ||
- Living: | - Living: | ||
- If something is growing, isn't it alive? | - If something is growing, isn't it alive? | ||
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**Think about it:** Pregnancy is typically 9 months long. 9 months starting when? At fertilization! </ | **Think about it:** Pregnancy is typically 9 months long. 9 months starting when? At fertilization! </ | ||
- | === Implantation === | + | ===== Developmental Milestones ===== |
+ | |||
+ | ==== Developmental Timeline ==== | ||
+ | * FIXME have Oriyana or other staffer look over this for accuracy, or check against this / pull significant points from **EHD Prenatal Summary** http:// | ||
+ | * The first eight weeks of a pre-born child' | ||
+ | * The embryonic period is a time of rapid growth and development for the child: | ||
+ | |||
+ | > "Most significant **developmental milestones** occur long before birth **during the first eight weeks following conception** when most body parts and all body systems appear and begin to function. The main divisions of the body, such as the head, chest, abdomen and pelvis, and arms and legs are established by about four weeks after conception. Eight weeks after conception, except for the small size, the developing human’s overall appearance and many internal structures closely resemble the newborn." | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Within the embryonic period, there are further subdivisions depending on the embryo' | ||
+ | * At fertilization, | ||
+ | * By day 3, the embryo is spherically-shaped and consists of 12 to 16 cells. She's called a **morula** (Latin for " | ||
+ | * Between 4 and 5 days after fertilization, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Implantation | ||
FIXME condense | FIXME condense | ||
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* Likewise, one’s offspring first exists at fertilization even if we don’t discover her existence until implantation. | * Likewise, one’s offspring first exists at fertilization even if we don’t discover her existence until implantation. | ||
- | === Primitive Streak & Twinning === | + | ==== Primitive Streak & Twinning |
* At approximatly 14 days after fertilization((https:// | * At approximatly 14 days after fertilization((https:// | ||
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* Likewise, even though in rare situations one human splits into two, one human existed before that split happened, and the beginning of that one human was still at fertilization. | * Likewise, even though in rare situations one human splits into two, one human existed before that split happened, and the beginning of that one human was still at fertilization. | ||
- | ===== Developmental Milestones ===== | + | ERI Video on this: https://www.instagram.com/reel/ |
- | + | ||
- | > "Most significant **developmental milestones** occur long before birth **during the first eight weeks following conception** when most body parts and all body systems appear and begin to function. The main divisions of the body, such as the head, chest, abdomen and pelvis, and arms and legs are established by about four weeks after conception. Eight weeks after conception, except for the small size, the developing human’s overall appearance and many internal structures closely resemble the newborn." | + | |
==== Heartbeat ==== | ==== Heartbeat ==== | ||
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* The embryo' | * The embryo' | ||
- | Embed video: <iframe src=" | + | {{ : |
+ | |||
+ | **Embed** video in actual CCBR website (can embed EHD videos w/o permission): <iframe src=" | ||
==== Brain ==== | ==== Brain ==== | ||
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==== Pain ==== | ==== Pain ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
* Determining precisely when the pre-born feel pain is largely dependent on technology to detect this. While it is an interesting topic, it has no bearing on the morality of abortion. After all, is it wrong to kill someone because she feels pain or because she’s human? | * Determining precisely when the pre-born feel pain is largely dependent on technology to detect this. While it is an interesting topic, it has no bearing on the morality of abortion. After all, is it wrong to kill someone because she feels pain or because she’s human? | ||
- | {{ : | + | |
- | | + | |
* May we kill her because of her inability to feel pain? Why then may we kill the pre-born because they don't feel pain at certain points during pregnancy? | * May we kill her because of her inability to feel pain? Why then may we kill the pre-born because they don't feel pain at certain points during pregnancy? | ||
* To make the point even more simply: would it be permissible to kill a 3-year-old boy as long as we give him anaesthetic first? | * To make the point even more simply: would it be permissible to kill a 3-year-old boy as long as we give him anaesthetic first? | ||
+ | |||
+ | FIXME Giving analgesics for fetal surgeries seems to be commonplace, | ||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | " | ||
==== Viability ==== | ==== Viability ==== | ||
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* Furthermore, | * Furthermore, | ||
* Lastly, a pre-born child is always viable if in the right // | * Lastly, a pre-born child is always viable if in the right // | ||
+ | * FIXME confusing viability and vitality, the difference between being able to survive and being alive | ||
===== Common Objections ===== | ===== Common Objections ===== | ||
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**"A fetus is just a blob of tissue, just a clump of cells." | **"A fetus is just a blob of tissue, just a clump of cells." | ||
- | * Terms like "blob of tissue", | + | * Terms like "blob of tissue", |
- | * A group of skin cells or blood cells would be an example of human //parts//, while a pre-born child is a human // | + | * Although a pre-born child is less developed than older humans, she is still a [[PBA100Y|human being with human rights]], regardless of her developmental level. |
**"It doesn' | **"It doesn' | ||
{{ : | {{ : | ||
- | * Pre-born children also look different from born children; a zygote looks different from a 10-week fetus, who looks different from a toddler, etc. | + | * Pre-born children also look different from born children; a zygote looks different from a 10-week-old fetus, who looks different from a toddler, etc. |
* But how would we expect a human being of that specific age to look? For instance, we would not expect a toddler to undergo the same body changes that a teenager undergoes during puberty. Pre-born children look exactly the way they are supposed to look for their age and level of development. | * But how would we expect a human being of that specific age to look? For instance, we would not expect a toddler to undergo the same body changes that a teenager undergoes during puberty. Pre-born children look exactly the way they are supposed to look for their age and level of development. | ||
- | * Richard Stith offers the following analogy((https:// | + | * Richard Stith offers the following analogy((https:// |
**"So many embryos miscarry anyway, so what's the big deal about abortion?" | **"So many embryos miscarry anyway, so what's the big deal about abortion?" | ||
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**"An embryo is basically a tumour feeding off the mother' | **"An embryo is basically a tumour feeding off the mother' | ||
* Some will compare a pre-born child to a tumour, since both are growing groups of cells. | * Some will compare a pre-born child to a tumour, since both are growing groups of cells. | ||
- | * A tumour occurs when cells from a person' | + | * A tumour occurs when cells from a person' |
- | * The human embryo, in contrast, has her own unique genetic code that differs from that of her mother. The cells of her body will proliferate in a controlled, coordinated manner (leading to the various developmental milestones listed above). | + | * The human embryo, in contrast, has her own unique genetic code that differs from that of her mother. The cells of //her// body will proliferate in a controlled, coordinated manner (leading to the various developmental milestones listed above). |
* Ultimately, this is an anti-science comparison that we can know intuitively to be untrue. If you have one friend who has just gotten a positive // | * Ultimately, this is an anti-science comparison that we can know intuitively to be untrue. If you have one friend who has just gotten a positive // | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Conclusion ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Biology textbooks, embryology studies, and medical advancements continue to confirm what we already know: pre-born children are living human beings from fertilization onward. By advocating for the legal protection of the pre-born, pro-lifers are simply advocating for [[https:// | ||
===== Other Links ===== | ===== Other Links ===== | ||
- | * Maybe introduce fetal origins (Annie Murphy Paul): [[https:// | + | |
+ | * https:// | ||
+ | * https:// | ||